i don’t mean beta-oxidation, it’s just a series of separated normal reactions. i mean something like this: when first learning about ketones, you might learn about aldol condensation, which has enol as a nucleophile and another carbonyl as electrophile. at some other point you might learn about strecker reaction, which has iminium ion as electrophile and cyanide as nucleophile. but really, what you can do is mix and match, and you can pair enolizable ketone and iminium (mannich reaction) or carbonyl and cyanide (cyanohydrin formation) and then generalize, for example you don’t need strictly ketone for mannich, you can use any electron rich conjugated system like malonate or nitroalkane anion (henry reaction) or phenol or indole. to figure this out you need to study mechanisms. these last two are usually treated as variants of friedel-crafts reaction, but really categories like this are fake

and to get that right, you need to know how these reactive intermediates look like, how reactive they are, what influences their stability which means that ochem starts with discussion of carbocations, carboanions, radicals, their shapes and orbitals involved, hyperconjugation, solvent effects and the like. and then first reactions taught are sn1/sn2, because these showcase these fundamentals nicely, and from there, it’s about introduction of more compound classes

we only had synthons introduced during lecture at around 4th year, and only for ochem path, it’s not doing a lot at that point and imo would have much more impact right after ochem intro course

i always thought that the idea of synthons should be taught early on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthon

i’d say it’s more important to learn mechanisms because this way you can notice these patterns of reactivity easier. at some point you’d only get new reactions that are really just pieces of other reactions you know put in a new way

there’s zero reason to make chart like this, it’s both barely comprehensible and touching surface level stuff only (where are palladium couplings for one)

you can just put a flywheel on synchronous machine and it also works, especially where you have infra left over after coal plant shutdown or something similar

they might have done it this way because hydro, nuclear (or any steam turbine based) or gas (or any gas turbine based) generation is rotating generation, which helps to stabilize grid in a way that solar or (some of) wind power doesn’t. on top of that, many of solar installations won’t output energy without mains (grid-followers). getting rid of that would be a is a complex problem that would require infrastructure buildout and policy changes

random sample of 1000 people is a decent one, they even included error bars:

The poll has a margin of error of plus or minus 3.1 percentage points at a 95 per cent confidence level.

These things are under high voltage, so no. And then there’s several kg of mercury inside

no, but they will also kill you (but not by magic)

really, happens to the best of us

the same way they did in 2021

it’s straight up still not good enough

right after fusion power goes commercial, which also will power it all

ah yes chatbot seller says these things will become so capable, they’re gonna destroy the world, just you wait and see, but need trillion dollars in financing first. op have you eaten your daily recommended pebble today?

you don’t accidentally launch 13 (or so) drones from belarus going west

fall? yeah, the front will fall off soon

can these things be reflashed?

Manufacturers, knowingly or unknowingly, use commercial-grade PG when making cough syrups to cut costs.

i’d note that there’s zero technical reason why DEG would end up in PG. reaction of water with ethylene oxide gives you ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and higher analogues and these are then separated by distillation. propylene glycol is made from propylene oxide instead, and it’s more expensive than ethylene oxide. diethylene glycol has little use on its own, at least compared to other glycols

however,

The physical properties of diethylene glycol make it an excellent counterfeit for pharmaceutical-grade glycerine (also called glycerol) or propylene glycol

this can be dealt with

After the Nazi invasion of Denmark this placed them in danger; it was illegal at the time to send gold out of Germany, and were it discovered that Laue and Franck had done so, they could have faced prosecution. To prevent this, de Hevesy concealed the medals by dissolving them in aqua regia and placing the resulting solution on a shelf in his laboratory at the Niels Bohr Institute in Copenhagen. After the war, he returned to find the solution undisturbed and precipitated the gold out of the acid.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_de_Hevesy#World_War_II_and_beyond